pub struct ConstraintLayout { /* private fields */ }
Expand description
A layout manager using constraints to describe relations between widgets.
ConstraintLayout
is a layout manager that uses relations between
widget attributes, expressed via Constraint
instances, to
measure and allocate widgets.
§How do constraints work
Constraints are objects defining the relationship between attributes
of a widget; you can read the description of the Constraint
class to have a more in depth definition.
By taking multiple constraints and applying them to the children of
a widget using ConstraintLayout
, it’s possible to describe
complex layout policies; each constraint applied to a child or to the parent
widgets contributes to the full description of the layout, in terms of
parameters for resolving the value of each attribute.
It is important to note that a layout is defined by the totality of constraints; removing a child, or a constraint, from an existing layout without changing the remaining constraints may result in an unstable or unsolvable layout.
Constraints have an implicit “reading order”; you should start describing each edge of each child, as well as their relationship with the parent container, from the top left (or top right, in RTL languages), horizontally first, and then vertically.
A constraint-based layout with too few constraints can become “unstable”, that is: have more than one solution. The behavior of an unstable layout is undefined.
A constraint-based layout with conflicting constraints may be unsolvable,
and lead to an unstable layout. You can use the strength
property of Constraint
to “nudge” the layout towards a solution.
§GtkConstraintLayout as GtkBuildable
ConstraintLayout
implements the Buildable
interface and
has a custom “constraints” element which allows describing constraints in
a Builder
UI file.
An example of a UI definition fragment specifying a constraint:
<object class="GtkConstraintLayout">
<constraints>
<constraint target="button" target-attribute="start"
relation="eq"
source="super" source-attribute="start"
constant="12"
strength="required" />
<constraint target="button" target-attribute="width"
relation="ge"
constant="250"
strength="strong" />
</constraints>
</object>
The definition above will add two constraints to the GtkConstraintLayout:
- a required constraint between the leading edge of “button” and the leading edge of the widget using the constraint layout, plus 12 pixels
- a strong, constant constraint making the width of “button” greater than, or equal to 250 pixels
The “target” and “target-attribute” attributes are required.
The “source” and “source-attribute” attributes of the “constraint” element are optional; if they are not specified, the constraint is assumed to be a constant.
The “relation” attribute is optional; if not specified, the constraint is assumed to be an equality.
The “strength” attribute is optional; if not specified, the constraint is assumed to be required.
The “source” and “target” attributes can be set to “super” to indicate that the constraint target is the widget using the GtkConstraintLayout.
There can be “constant” and “multiplier” attributes.
Additionally, the “constraints” element can also contain a description
of the GtkConstraintGuides
used by the layout:
<constraints>
<guide min-width="100" max-width="500" name="hspace"/>
<guide min-height="64" nat-height="128" name="vspace" strength="strong"/>
</constraints>
The “guide” element has the following optional attributes:
- “min-width”, “nat-width”, and “max-width”, describe the minimum, natural, and maximum width of the guide, respectively
- “min-height”, “nat-height”, and “max-height”, describe the minimum, natural, and maximum height of the guide, respectively
- “strength” describes the strength of the constraint on the natural size of the guide; if not specified, the constraint is assumed to have a medium strength
- “name” describes a name for the guide, useful when debugging
§Using the Visual Format Language
Complex constraints can be described using a compact syntax called VFL, or Visual Format Language.
The Visual Format Language describes all the constraints on a row or
column, typically starting from the leading edge towards the trailing
one. Each element of the layout is composed by “views”, which identify
a ConstraintTarget
.
For instance:
[button]-[textField]
Describes a constraint that binds the trailing edge of “button” to the leading edge of “textField”, leaving a default space between the two.
Using VFL is also possible to specify predicates that describe constraints on attributes like width and height:
// Width must be greater than, or equal to 50
[button(>=50)]
// Width of button1 must be equal to width of button2
[button1(==button2)]
The default orientation for a VFL description is horizontal, unless otherwise specified:
// horizontal orientation, default attribute: width
H:[button(>=150)]
// vertical orientation, default attribute: height
V:[button1(==button2)]
It’s also possible to specify multiple predicates, as well as their strength:
// minimum width of button must be 150
// natural width of button can be 250
[button(>=150@required, ==250@medium)]
Finally, it’s also possible to use simple arithmetic operators:
// width of button1 must be equal to width of button2
// divided by 2 plus 12
[button1(button2 / 2 + 12)]
§Implements
LayoutManagerExt
, [trait@glib::ObjectExt
], BuildableExt
GLib type: GObject with reference counted clone semantics.
Implementations§
source§impl ConstraintLayout
impl ConstraintLayout
sourcepub fn new() -> ConstraintLayout
pub fn new() -> ConstraintLayout
sourcepub fn add_constraint(&self, constraint: Constraint)
pub fn add_constraint(&self, constraint: Constraint)
Adds a constraint to the layout manager.
The source
and target
properties of constraint
can be:
- set to
NULL
to indicate that the constraint refers to the widget usinglayout
- set to the
Widget
usinglayout
- set to a child of the
Widget
usinglayout
- set to a
ConstraintGuide
that is part oflayout
The @self acquires the ownership of @constraint after calling this function.
§constraint
sourcepub fn add_guide(&self, guide: ConstraintGuide)
pub fn add_guide(&self, guide: ConstraintGuide)
Adds a guide to layout
.
A guide can be used as the source or target of constraints, like a widget, but it is not visible.
The layout
acquires the ownership of guide
after calling
this function.
§guide
a ConstraintGuide
object
sourcepub fn observe_constraints(&self) -> ListModel
pub fn observe_constraints(&self) -> ListModel
Returns a GListModel
to track the constraints that are
part of the layout.
Calling this function will enable extra internal bookkeeping to track constraints and emit signals on the returned listmodel. It may slow down operations a lot.
Applications should try hard to avoid calling this function because of the slowdowns.
§Returns
a
GListModel
tracking the layout’s constraints
sourcepub fn observe_guides(&self) -> ListModel
pub fn observe_guides(&self) -> ListModel
Returns a GListModel
to track the guides that are
part of the layout.
Calling this function will enable extra internal bookkeeping to track guides and emit signals on the returned listmodel. It may slow down operations a lot.
Applications should try hard to avoid calling this function because of the slowdowns.
§Returns
a
GListModel
tracking the layout’s guides
sourcepub fn remove_all_constraints(&self)
pub fn remove_all_constraints(&self)
Removes all constraints from the layout manager.
sourcepub fn remove_constraint(&self, constraint: &Constraint)
pub fn remove_constraint(&self, constraint: &Constraint)
Removes constraint
from the layout manager,
so that it no longer influences the layout.
§constraint
sourcepub fn remove_guide(&self, guide: &ConstraintGuide)
pub fn remove_guide(&self, guide: &ConstraintGuide)
Removes guide
from the layout manager,
so that it no longer influences the layout.
§guide
a ConstraintGuide
object
source§impl ConstraintLayout
impl ConstraintLayout
sourcepub fn add_constraints_from_description<'a, W: IsA<Widget>>(
&self,
lines: impl IntoStrV,
hspacing: i32,
vspacing: i32,
views: impl IntoIterator<Item = (&'a str, &'a W)>,
) -> Result<Vec<Constraint>, Error>
pub fn add_constraints_from_description<'a, W: IsA<Widget>>( &self, lines: impl IntoStrV, hspacing: i32, vspacing: i32, views: impl IntoIterator<Item = (&'a str, &'a W)>, ) -> Result<Vec<Constraint>, Error>
Creates a list of constraints from a VFL description.
The Visual Format Language, VFL, is based on Apple’s AutoLayout VFL.
The views
dictionary is used to match ConstraintTarget
instances to the symbolic view name inside the VFL.
The VFL grammar is:
<visualFormatString> = (<orientation>)?
(<superview><connection>)?
<view>(<connection><view>)*
(<connection><superview>)?
<orientation> = 'H' | 'V'
<superview> = '|'
<connection> = '' | '-' <predicateList> '-' | '-'
<predicateList> = <simplePredicate> | <predicateListWithParens>
<simplePredicate> = <metricName> | <positiveNumber>
<predicateListWithParens> = '(' <predicate> (',' <predicate>)* ')'
<predicate> = (<relation>)? <objectOfPredicate> (<operatorList>)? ('@' <priority>)?
<relation> = '==' | '<=' | '>='
<objectOfPredicate> = <constant> | <viewName> | ('.' <attributeName>)?
<priority> = <positiveNumber> | 'required' | 'strong' | 'medium' | 'weak'
<constant> = <number>
<operatorList> = (<multiplyOperator>)? (<addOperator>)?
<multiplyOperator> = [ '*' | '/' ] <positiveNumber>
<addOperator> = [ '+' | '-' ] <positiveNumber>
<viewName> = [A-Za-z_]([A-Za-z0-9_]*) // A C identifier
<metricName> = [A-Za-z_]([A-Za-z0-9_]*) // A C identifier
<attributeName> = 'top' | 'bottom' | 'left' | 'right' | 'width' | 'height' |
'start' | 'end' | 'centerX' | 'centerY' | 'baseline'
<positiveNumber> // A positive real number parseable by g_ascii_strtod()
<number> // A real number parseable by g_ascii_strtod()
Note: The VFL grammar used by GTK is slightly different than the one defined by Apple, as it can use symbolic values for the constraint’s strength instead of numeric values; additionally, GTK allows adding simple arithmetic operations inside predicates.
Examples of VFL descriptions are:
// Default spacing
[button]-[textField]
// Width constraint
[button(>=50)]
// Connection to super view
|-50-[purpleBox]-50-|
// Vertical layout
V:[topField]-10-[bottomField]
// Flush views
[maroonView][blueView]
// Priority
[button(100@strong)]
// Equal widths
[button1(==button2)]
// Multiple predicates
[flexibleButton(>=70,<=100)]
// A complete line of layout
|-[find]-[findNext]-[findField(>=20)]-|
// Operators
[button1(button2 / 3 + 50)]
// Named attributes
[button1(==button2.height)]
§lines
an array of Visual Format Language lines defining a set of constraints
§hspacing
default horizontal spacing value, or -1 for the fallback value
§vspacing
default vertical spacing value, or -1 for the fallback value
§views
a dictionary of [ name, target ]
pairs; the name
keys map to the view names in the VFL lines, while
the target
values map to children of the widget using a ConstraintLayout
,
or guides
§Returns
the list of
Constraint
instances that were added to the layout
Trait Implementations§
source§impl Clone for ConstraintLayout
impl Clone for ConstraintLayout
source§impl Debug for ConstraintLayout
impl Debug for ConstraintLayout
source§impl Default for ConstraintLayout
impl Default for ConstraintLayout
source§impl HasParamSpec for ConstraintLayout
impl HasParamSpec for ConstraintLayout
type ParamSpec = ParamSpecObject
source§type SetValue = ConstraintLayout
type SetValue = ConstraintLayout
type BuilderFn = fn(_: &str) -> ParamSpecObjectBuilder<'_, ConstraintLayout>
fn param_spec_builder() -> Self::BuilderFn
source§impl Hash for ConstraintLayout
impl Hash for ConstraintLayout
source§impl Ord for ConstraintLayout
impl Ord for ConstraintLayout
source§fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering
fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering
Comparison for two GObjects.
Compares the memory addresses of the provided objects.
1.21.0 · source§fn max(self, other: Self) -> Selfwhere
Self: Sized,
fn max(self, other: Self) -> Selfwhere
Self: Sized,
source§impl ParentClassIs for ConstraintLayout
impl ParentClassIs for ConstraintLayout
type Parent = LayoutManager
source§impl<OT: ObjectType> PartialEq<OT> for ConstraintLayout
impl<OT: ObjectType> PartialEq<OT> for ConstraintLayout
source§impl<OT: ObjectType> PartialOrd<OT> for ConstraintLayout
impl<OT: ObjectType> PartialOrd<OT> for ConstraintLayout
source§impl StaticType for ConstraintLayout
impl StaticType for ConstraintLayout
source§fn static_type() -> Type
fn static_type() -> Type
Self
.impl Eq for ConstraintLayout
impl IsA<Buildable> for ConstraintLayout
impl IsA<LayoutManager> for ConstraintLayout
Auto Trait Implementations§
impl Freeze for ConstraintLayout
impl RefUnwindSafe for ConstraintLayout
impl !Send for ConstraintLayout
impl !Sync for ConstraintLayout
impl Unpin for ConstraintLayout
impl UnwindSafe for ConstraintLayout
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fn find_property(&self, property_name: &str) -> Option<ParamSpec>
ParamSpec
of the property property_name
of this object.source§fn list_properties(&self) -> PtrSlice<ParamSpec>
fn list_properties(&self) -> PtrSlice<ParamSpec>
ParamSpec
of the properties of this object.source§fn freeze_notify(&self) -> PropertyNotificationFreezeGuard
fn freeze_notify(&self) -> PropertyNotificationFreezeGuard
source§unsafe fn set_qdata<QD>(&self, key: Quark, value: QD)where
QD: 'static,
unsafe fn set_qdata<QD>(&self, key: Quark, value: QD)where
QD: 'static,
key
. Read moresource§unsafe fn qdata<QD>(&self, key: Quark) -> Option<NonNull<QD>>where
QD: 'static,
unsafe fn qdata<QD>(&self, key: Quark) -> Option<NonNull<QD>>where
QD: 'static,
key
. Read moresource§unsafe fn steal_qdata<QD>(&self, key: Quark) -> Option<QD>where
QD: 'static,
unsafe fn steal_qdata<QD>(&self, key: Quark) -> Option<QD>where
QD: 'static,
key
. Read moresource§unsafe fn set_data<QD>(&self, key: &str, value: QD)where
QD: 'static,
unsafe fn set_data<QD>(&self, key: &str, value: QD)where
QD: 'static,
key
. Read moresource§unsafe fn data<QD>(&self, key: &str) -> Option<NonNull<QD>>where
QD: 'static,
unsafe fn data<QD>(&self, key: &str) -> Option<NonNull<QD>>where
QD: 'static,
key
. Read moresource§unsafe fn steal_data<QD>(&self, key: &str) -> Option<QD>where
QD: 'static,
unsafe fn steal_data<QD>(&self, key: &str) -> Option<QD>where
QD: 'static,
key
. Read moresource§fn block_signal(&self, handler_id: &SignalHandlerId)
fn block_signal(&self, handler_id: &SignalHandlerId)
source§fn unblock_signal(&self, handler_id: &SignalHandlerId)
fn unblock_signal(&self, handler_id: &SignalHandlerId)
source§fn stop_signal_emission(&self, signal_id: SignalId, detail: Option<Quark>)
fn stop_signal_emission(&self, signal_id: SignalId, detail: Option<Quark>)
source§fn stop_signal_emission_by_name(&self, signal_name: &str)
fn stop_signal_emission_by_name(&self, signal_name: &str)
source§fn connect<F>(
&self,
signal_name: &str,
after: bool,
callback: F,
) -> SignalHandlerId
fn connect<F>( &self, signal_name: &str, after: bool, callback: F, ) -> SignalHandlerId
signal_name
on this object. Read moresource§fn connect_id<F>(
&self,
signal_id: SignalId,
details: Option<Quark>,
after: bool,
callback: F,
) -> SignalHandlerId
fn connect_id<F>( &self, signal_id: SignalId, details: Option<Quark>, after: bool, callback: F, ) -> SignalHandlerId
signal_id
on this object. Read moresource§fn connect_local<F>(
&self,
signal_name: &str,
after: bool,
callback: F,
) -> SignalHandlerId
fn connect_local<F>( &self, signal_name: &str, after: bool, callback: F, ) -> SignalHandlerId
signal_name
on this object. Read moresource§fn connect_local_id<F>(
&self,
signal_id: SignalId,
details: Option<Quark>,
after: bool,
callback: F,
) -> SignalHandlerId
fn connect_local_id<F>( &self, signal_id: SignalId, details: Option<Quark>, after: bool, callback: F, ) -> SignalHandlerId
signal_id
on this object. Read moresource§unsafe fn connect_unsafe<F>(
&self,
signal_name: &str,
after: bool,
callback: F,
) -> SignalHandlerId
unsafe fn connect_unsafe<F>( &self, signal_name: &str, after: bool, callback: F, ) -> SignalHandlerId
signal_name
on this object. Read moresource§unsafe fn connect_unsafe_id<F>(
&self,
signal_id: SignalId,
details: Option<Quark>,
after: bool,
callback: F,
) -> SignalHandlerId
unsafe fn connect_unsafe_id<F>( &self, signal_id: SignalId, details: Option<Quark>, after: bool, callback: F, ) -> SignalHandlerId
signal_id
on this object. Read moresource§fn connect_closure(
&self,
signal_name: &str,
after: bool,
closure: RustClosure,
) -> SignalHandlerId
fn connect_closure( &self, signal_name: &str, after: bool, closure: RustClosure, ) -> SignalHandlerId
signal_name
on this object. Read moresource§fn connect_closure_id(
&self,
signal_id: SignalId,
details: Option<Quark>,
after: bool,
closure: RustClosure,
) -> SignalHandlerId
fn connect_closure_id( &self, signal_id: SignalId, details: Option<Quark>, after: bool, closure: RustClosure, ) -> SignalHandlerId
signal_id
on this object. Read moresource§fn watch_closure(&self, closure: &impl AsRef<Closure>)
fn watch_closure(&self, closure: &impl AsRef<Closure>)
closure
to the lifetime of the object. When
the object’s reference count drops to zero, the closure will be
invalidated. An invalidated closure will ignore any calls to
invoke_with_values
, or
invoke
when using Rust closures.source§fn emit<R>(&self, signal_id: SignalId, args: &[&dyn ToValue]) -> Rwhere
R: TryFromClosureReturnValue,
fn emit<R>(&self, signal_id: SignalId, args: &[&dyn ToValue]) -> Rwhere
R: TryFromClosureReturnValue,
source§fn emit_with_values(&self, signal_id: SignalId, args: &[Value]) -> Option<Value>
fn emit_with_values(&self, signal_id: SignalId, args: &[Value]) -> Option<Value>
Self::emit
but takes Value
for the arguments.source§fn emit_by_name<R>(&self, signal_name: &str, args: &[&dyn ToValue]) -> Rwhere
R: TryFromClosureReturnValue,
fn emit_by_name<R>(&self, signal_name: &str, args: &[&dyn ToValue]) -> Rwhere
R: TryFromClosureReturnValue,
source§fn emit_by_name_with_values(
&self,
signal_name: &str,
args: &[Value],
) -> Option<Value>
fn emit_by_name_with_values( &self, signal_name: &str, args: &[Value], ) -> Option<Value>
source§fn emit_by_name_with_details<R>(
&self,
signal_name: &str,
details: Quark,
args: &[&dyn ToValue],
) -> Rwhere
R: TryFromClosureReturnValue,
fn emit_by_name_with_details<R>(
&self,
signal_name: &str,
details: Quark,
args: &[&dyn ToValue],
) -> Rwhere
R: TryFromClosureReturnValue,
source§fn emit_by_name_with_details_and_values(
&self,
signal_name: &str,
details: Quark,
args: &[Value],
) -> Option<Value>
fn emit_by_name_with_details_and_values( &self, signal_name: &str, details: Quark, args: &[Value], ) -> Option<Value>
source§fn emit_with_details<R>(
&self,
signal_id: SignalId,
details: Quark,
args: &[&dyn ToValue],
) -> Rwhere
R: TryFromClosureReturnValue,
fn emit_with_details<R>(
&self,
signal_id: SignalId,
details: Quark,
args: &[&dyn ToValue],
) -> Rwhere
R: TryFromClosureReturnValue,
source§fn emit_with_details_and_values(
&self,
signal_id: SignalId,
details: Quark,
args: &[Value],
) -> Option<Value>
fn emit_with_details_and_values( &self, signal_id: SignalId, details: Quark, args: &[Value], ) -> Option<Value>
source§fn disconnect(&self, handler_id: SignalHandlerId)
fn disconnect(&self, handler_id: SignalHandlerId)
source§fn connect_notify<F>(&self, name: Option<&str>, f: F) -> SignalHandlerId
fn connect_notify<F>(&self, name: Option<&str>, f: F) -> SignalHandlerId
notify
signal of the object. Read moresource§fn connect_notify_local<F>(&self, name: Option<&str>, f: F) -> SignalHandlerId
fn connect_notify_local<F>(&self, name: Option<&str>, f: F) -> SignalHandlerId
notify
signal of the object. Read moresource§unsafe fn connect_notify_unsafe<F>(
&self,
name: Option<&str>,
f: F,
) -> SignalHandlerId
unsafe fn connect_notify_unsafe<F>( &self, name: Option<&str>, f: F, ) -> SignalHandlerId
notify
signal of the object. Read more